Lack vs. Shortage: 英文單字的細微差別

「Lack」和「shortage」兩個英文單字都表示不足或缺乏,但它們在用法上卻有一些微妙的差異。簡單來說,「lack」通常指某種品質、能力或東西的完全缺乏,而「shortage」則更側重於數量上的不足,通常指某種商品或資源的供應不足。 「Lack」更強調缺乏的狀態本身,而「shortage」則更強調不足的程度和可能造成的影響。

讓我們看一些例子:

  • Lack of confidence: 缺乏自信 (quèfá zìxìn)

    • He lacks confidence in his abilities. 他缺乏對自己能力的自信。(Tā quēfá duì zìjǐ nénglì de zìxìn.)
  • Shortage of water: 缺水 (quēshuǐ)

    • There is a shortage of water in the drought-stricken area. 旱災地區缺水。(Hànzāi dìqū quēshuǐ.)
  • Lack of sleep: 缺乏睡眠 (quèfá shuìmián)

    • A lack of sleep can make you irritable. 缺乏睡眠會讓你易怒。(Quēfá shuìmián huì ràng nǐ yì nù.)
  • Shortage of skilled workers: 熟練技工短缺 (shúlìan jìgōng duǎnquē)

    • The company is facing a shortage of skilled workers. 這間公司面臨熟練技工短缺。(Zhè jiān gōngsī miànlín shúlìan jìgōng duǎnquē.)

再看幾個例子,仔細比較它們在句子中的不同運用:

  • He lacks the necessary skills for the job. (他缺乏這份工作所需的技能。) Tā quēfá zhè fèn gōngzuò suǒ xū de jìnéng. (Here, "lack" emphasizes the absence of the skills.)

  • There is a shortage of affordable housing in the city. (城市裡可負擔的住房短缺。) Chéngshì lǐ kě fùdān de zhùfáng duǎnquē. (Here, "shortage" highlights the insufficient supply of housing.)

留意「lack」通常接名詞或動名詞,而「shortage」則通常單獨使用,後面可以接of + 名詞。

Happy learning!

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